Since learners themselves determine what and how to learn based on the learning objectives, contents and methods of learning are quite varied in tandem earning. A variety of learning is possible depending on ideas. As a reference, I will introduce the ideas of learning which were implemented in the practice of tandem learning that I have planned so far.

1. Talk about yourself.

Talk about what you want to talk about with the partner, depending on interests and curiosity of you and the partner.
【E.g.】：

◆Talk about hobbies, families, events on weekends, specialized fields, part-time jobs, places that you would like to visit, etc.

◆Tell the partner about your own learning experience of the target language, and share the difficult parts with the partner.

2. Exchange information.

Exchange desired cultural or social information with the partner, considering the partner as a cultural informant.
【E.g.】：

◆Explain where to visit if both of you were to visit each other’s country for a trip.

◆Introduce popular books, movies, music, and so forth in each other’s country.

3. Discuss from each other’s point of view.

Exchange or discuss individual attitudes and opinions about specific matters.
【E.g.】：

◆Read newspapers and magazines written in the target language, and tell your impressions to the partner.

◆Explain the circumstances of a social problem in each country, and discuss what you both think about it, and think about a possible cause together.

◆Discuss the differences in each country such as food, clothing, shelter, manners, human relations, and so on.

4. Project-based learning activities.

Cooperate with the partner to create something.
【E.g.】：

◆Create a video to introduce your university in the target language.

◆Prepare yourselves so that both can go and sing some karaoke in the target languages.

5. Talk about words and communication.

Interact with the partner on topics of verbal and nonverbal behaviors and communications.
【E.g.】：

◆Pick a buzzword in your own country, and explain the meaning, usage, and background of the word.

◆Introduce dialects or colloquial expressions.

◆Introduce your favorite proverbs.

◆Read comic books written in the target language together to learn interesting expressions and humor.

6. Help each other with reports and presentations.

The partner can help you with reports and presentations that you hope to complete in the target language.
【E.g.】：

◆Rehearse a conference presentation in the target language so that the partner can check your expressions or teach you common phrases.

◆When you write appreciation letters in the target language, the partner can tell you how to write such letters and contents.

7. Ask the partner questions you might have.

Ask the partner about what you wonder about the target language or culture.
【E.g.】：

◆Record sounds you did not understand with a smartphone and ask the partner to listen and repeat it slowly.

◆Read newspaper articles and novels and ask the partner to explain the part you do not understand.

◆Ask the partner about attitudes and behaviors that you cannot understand.

8. Have the partner make corrections.

Ask the partner to correct what you have written or your pronunciation.
【E.g.】：

◆Ask the partner to proofread reports, diaries, and so on written in the target language.

◆Read sentences aloud and have the partner correct your pronunciation.

◆Write sentences using the grammar in which you are not good at and ask the partner to check and correct.